Abstinence is an absolute answer to preventing STDs. However, abstinence
is not always a practical or desirable option.
Next to abstinence, the least risky approach is to have a monogamous sexual
relationship with someone that you know is free of any STD. Ideally, before
having sex with a new partner, each of you should get screened for STDs,
especially HIV and hepatitis B, and share the test results with one another.
Use condoms to avoid contact with semen, vaginal fluids,
or blood. Both male and female condoms dramatically reduce the chance
you will get or spread an STD. However, condoms must be used properly:
- The condom should be in place from the beginning to end of sexual
activity and should be used every time you have sex.
- lubricants
may help reduce the chance a condom will break. Use only water-based
lubricants,
because oil-based or petroleum-type lubricants
can cause latex to weaken and tear. Do NOT use condoms with nonoxynol-9
-- these help prevent pregnancy, but may increase the chance of HIV
transmission.
- Use latex condoms for vaginal, anal, and oral intercourse.
- Keep in mind that STDs can still be spread, even if you use a condom,
because a condom does not cover surrounding skin areas. But a condom
definitely reduces your risk.
Here are additional safe-sex steps:
- Know your partner. Before having sex, first establish
a committed relationship that allows trust and open communication.
You should be able to discuss past sexual histories, any previous
STDs or IV drug use. You should not feel coerced or forced into having
sex.
- Stay sober. Alcohol and drugs impair your judgment,
communication abilities, and ability to properly use condoms or lubricants.
- Be responsible. If you have an STD, like HIV or herpes, advise any prospective sexual partner. Allow him or her to decide what to do. If you mutually agree on engaging in sexual activity, use latex condoms and other measures to protect
the partner.
- If pregnant, take precautions. If you have an STD,
learn about the risk to the infant before becoming pregnant. Ask your
provider how to prevent the fetus from becoming infected. HIV positive
women should not breastfeed their infant.
In summary, safe sex requires prior planning and good communication between
partners. Given that, couples can enjoy the pleasures of a sexual relationship
while reducing the potential risks involved.
Polizzotto MJ. Prevention of sexually transmitted diseases.
Clin Fam
Pract. 2005; 7(1): 1-12.Cohn SE. Sexually transmitted diseases, HIV,
and AIDS in women.
Med Clin North Am. 2003; 87(5): 971-995.Greydanus
DE. Contraception for college students.
Pediatr Clin North Am.
2005; 52(1): 135-161, ix.
Update Date: 6/6/2006